No. 6

Analytical review of methods for detecting combustible gases and hydrocarbon leaks

The paper examines existing methods for detecting hydrocarbons and gases, reviews sensors used in the oil refining and transportation infrastructure, analyzes their strengths and weaknesses, and examines the use of these sensors in oil producing companies and their operational properties.

Keywords: hydrocarbon leakage, combustible gas, sensor, detector, overview.

A device for measuring the frequency dependence of the relative permittivity of gases

The article considers the problem of creating a device for measuring the frequency dependence of the relative permittivity of gases, which allows measuring the values of the relative permittivity of gases at frequencies of the decimeter and beginning of the centimeter range of radio wave lengths. The problem of measuring the relative permittivity of gases in the frequency range at a wide range of studied gas pressures is solved, the design of the device with a sealed metal case, in which the measuring circuit of the device is located, which does not require the placement of secondary power sources inside the case, is considered.

Keywords: measurement of frequency dependence, relative permittivity of gases, a wide range of pressures of the studied gases.

Silicon-based thermosensor with amplitude-frequency output

This paper presents the results of investigation of the influence of temperature on the amplitude and frequency of current auto oscillations in silicon doped with impurity selenium atoms. It is shown that the temperature change decreases amplitude and the frequency increases linearly in the temperature range T = 80…200 K. On the basis of the obtained results of the study in samples of silicon doped with impurity atoms the temperature sensitivity coefficient on the values of threshold field, amplitude and frequency of current auto oscillations is established. It is shown possibilities of creation of sensitive temperature sensors with amplitude-frequency output for temperature measurement and control.

Keywords: silicon, selenium, manganese, temperature sensor, amplitude, frequency, semiconductor, temperature, doping, diffusion.

System for express analysis of crude oil using near infrared spectroscopy with an optical fiber probe

The article presents a system for rapid analysis of crude oil using near-infrared spectroscopy with an optical fiber probe. The advantages of the system are highlighted, including high analysis speed, non-destructive nature, and adaptation for real-time operation. The possibility of applying correlation models in the information component of the system is also discussed.

Keywords: information and measurement system, crude oil, near infrared spectroscopy, fiber-optic probe, physicochemical properties, express analysis, correlation models, real time, spectral analysis.

Study of changes in color components in the image of a metal surface under long-term corrosion exposure

The study was carried out on the dependence of the change in the ratio of color components in the image on the depth of corrosion penetration into the metal. A graph of the change in the ratio of color components on the depth of penetration was obtained. The ambiguity of the obtained dependence was revealed. Ways to eliminate the ambiguity in calculating the depth of corrosion were proposed.

Keywords: pipeline, corrosion depth, image, color components, histogram, median, contrast.

Experimental study of materials for polishing optical surfaces by microinterference method

The study of materials for polishing optical surfaces by microinterference method is carried out. In optical instrumentation, this method allows you to evaluate not only the smoothness of surfaces and the quality of polishing of the material, but also to determine the level of wear of the working parts of the tool. therefore, the work is relevant and promising. The paper sets the goal, the task of the study and defines the method and object of the study. The external views of the measuring device, the measured surfaces, as well as the polishing device of optical surfaces are given. The microreliefs of the studied surfaces and the results of measurements of the distance to the surface when moving in the direction of the OX and OY axes are obtained. It is confirmed that the differences in roughness are insignificant (by 6...7 microns), therefore it is advisable to use these surfaces for polishing optical parts.

Keywords: optical surface, microinterferometry, polyethylene terephthalate, metal probe, photodetector unit, reference mirror, interferometer branches.

Perspectives of Applying Quantum Computing in CAD Systems for Microelectronic design

This article analyzes the current achievements and future prospects of applying quantum computing in electronic design automation (EDA) for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits. We survey quantum algorithms potentially capable of accelerating key EDA stages (such as placement and routing, logic optimization, coverage analysis, verification, fault modeling, etc.), and assess the present limitations of quantum computers (qubit counts, decoherence, errors, accessibility) with respect to EDA problems. We discuss examples and hypothetical scenarios of integrating quantum coprocessors into modern EDA tool architectures, including hybrid quantum-classical systems. Based on data from leading quantum technology developers (Google, IBM, Xanadu, D-Wave, etc.), we provide a 5…10 year forecast for the development of quantum-augmented EDA tools. We also highlight case studies and prototypes of quantum computing use in VLSI design, logic synthesis, verification, and topology optimization. The modeling results demonstrating that while quantum processors today can tackle only small instances of EDA problems, in the future they could significantly enhance electronic design capabilities.

Keywords: quantum computing, CAD, VLSI, quantum algorithms, quantum coprocessor, quantum advantage, electronic design.

Estimation of measurement reliability in control of quality and quantity of oil products at gasoline stations

The stages of the system of quality and quantity control of petroleum products at gasoline stations are considered, the dynamics and reasons of petroleum products losses in tanks at gasoline stations are studied. The quality of the measuring system for measuring the density of diesel fuel in tanks at gasoline stations is analyzed in order to assess the reliability of measurements. The application of automated portable measuring instruments and periodic analysis of measuring system quality as well as software for analyzing measuring processes is proposed.

Keywords: reliability, control, oil product, filling station, quality, losses, automated measuring instruments, analysis, measuring system.