No. 1

Designing the program of materials sorting on the programmable logic controller

The article presents the use of CPU 313-C 2DP from «Siemens». The structure of the basic PLC modules is considered, a detailed sorting algorithm is given. The program was tested on a mock-up of the sorting station. As a result, an algorithm for distributing materials at the sorting station was developed and implemented. The connection between the two controllers and the human-machine interface are implemented.

Keywords: measuring instruments, system interfaces, human-machine interface, sorting, programmable logic controller, optical height sensor.

Method for creating multiversion libraries of functional programs for onboard computing systems of robotic complexes

The article proposes a method for generating multiple alternative solutions to ensure the optimal reconfiguration of onboard computing systems in robotic systems. The proposed approach ensures flexibility in selection through multiversion programming. Experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of this method in solving the main tasks of robotic systems such as navigation, map building, and image recognition.

Keywords: multiversion programming, alternative solutions, reconfiguration, onboard computing systems, robotic complexes, Elbrus microprocessors.

Development of a neural network controller for an automated control system for a cascade of centrifugal extractors

The paper presents the process of synthesizing an automated control system for a cascade of centrifugal extractors based on uranium concentration in the extract using a neural network controller developed using the backpropagation method through a direct neural emulator with a reference model. The developed control system allows stabilizing the uranium concentration in the extract with high accuracy, while the quality indicators of the neural controller for the control action exceed PID controllers trained by different methods. The developed neural controller successfully processes the disturbing action, the control time for which is 61 % less than that of the best result among PID controllers. The static error of neural controller control does not exceed 5 %.

Keywords: extraction, centrifugal extractor, automated control system, artificial neural networks, control quality indicators.

Evolutionary approach to the development of neuro-fuzzy regulator using genetic algorithm

The article deals with the synthesis of automatic control system of dynamic objects using the theory of intelligent control. In this case, a neural network based on radial basis functions is used for neuro-fuzzy approximation of the control system at each discrete interval, which allows real-time adjustment of the controller parameters. The radial basis function is designed to approximate functions given in implicit form of template sets. Adjustment of parameters of the neuro-fuzzy regulator is carried out using a genetic algorithm, which allows for more efficient calculations to determine the specified parameters of the regulator. The controller parameters are represented as a vector, which facilitates their application to multidimensional objects. Genetic algorithm was used to determine the optimal tuning parameters of the neuro-fuzzy regulator, which is characterised by high convergence and the possibility of determining global extrema. The effectiveness of the neuro-fuzzy controller is explained by the possibility of providing high-quality control of a dynamic object under random perturbations and uncertainty of input data.

Keywords: neuro-fuzzy regulator, genetic algorithm, control system, dynamic object, algorithm, intelligence.

An innovative approach to measuring the microrelief of the surface of complex-shaped materials by the interference method

The paper considers the issue of quantitative assessment of the microrelief of the surface of polishing instruments for dental purposes by a low-coherence interference system. The effectiveness of its application depends on the microrelief of the surface of the instrument when performing the final stages of restoration of defects in hard tooth tissues with composite materials, and a low-coherence interference system allows you to obtain highly informative, accurate and reliable information about the geometric parameters of non-smooth surfaces, therefore the work is promising and relevant. The paper presents samples of silicone polishes (before and after five times application and autoclaving) intended for finishing the restoration surface with pre-formed contours. The results of measurements of the distance to the surface of the instrument, as well as the distribution of the reflection coefficient from the studied surfaces in the transverse direction are obtained.

Keywords: reflection coefficient, instrument, low-coherence interference system, aperture angle, controlled surface, autoclaving, coherence length.

Algorithms and systems for processing multi-frequency signals of moving objects

Algorithms and systems for quasi-optimal and sub-optimal processing of multi-frequency echoes of moving objects against the background of correlated (passive) and uncorrelated (intrinsic noise) interference are considered. With Markov approximations, the structure of the initial optimal processing system in each frequency channel is reduced to the traditional quasi-optimal «rejection filter – coherent storage» structure. Further simplification of processing systems leads to systems that are single-channel in the Doppler phase of the signal in each frequency channel, and to systems with incoherent summation of the output samples of the rejection filters. The structural diagrams of synthesized systems for processing multi-frequency signals of moving objects are presented.

Keywords: adaptive rejection filter, signal processing algorithm, multi-frequency signal, passive interference, processing system.

Testing of laser-ultrasonic method of controlling the tightening force of special threaded joints

In order to substantiate the applicability of the laser-ultrasonic method for monitoring the tightening force of special threaded connections, experimental studies were conducted to measure the propagation speed of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave along the length of bolts of special threaded connections using a laser-ultrasonic flaw detector UDL-2M and an optical-acoustic transducer P111-OG. As a result of the studies, it was found that, despite the geometric features of the object of testing, the selected method and means of testing ensure the registration of ultrasonic signals that have passed along the length of bolts of special threaded connections and are reflected from the bottom surface (bottom signals). A relationship was established between the mechanical stresses acting in the bolt material and the propagation velocity of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave, which confirms the applicability of the laser-ultrasonic method for monitoring the tensile mechanical stresses acting in the bolt material during tightening.

Keywords: ultrasonic inspection, special threaded connections, tightening force, acoustic method, thermoacoustic generation.

«Testing & Control» and «NDT Russia» exhibitions

The proposed material provides a brief overview of the testing and measuring equipment presented at the 20th Testing & Control exhibition and the 24th International Exhibition of Non-Destructive Testing Equipment NDT Russia. Both exhibitions were held in one hall simultaneously, with over 200 exhibitors taking part, mainly Russian companies, as well as several companies from Belarus, China and India, engaged in the development and supply of testing and measuring equipment. As part of the business programs of the exhibitions, the All-Russian scientific and technical conference «Measurements. Testing. Control» was held, with speakers including representatives of specialized structures, employees of research institutes, as well as representatives of customer companies, and a scientific and practical conference on non-destructive testing. All events were held over three days from October 22 to 24, 2024, at the Crocus Expo IEC in Moscow.

Keywords: non-destructive testing, technical diagnostics, metrology, measurements, measuring and testing equipment.